321
Product Information
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321 stainless is a titanium stabilized grade commonly used for service in the 1000-1600°F temperature range. For service temperatures up to about 1600°F, a stabilizing treatment at 1550-1650°F, air cool, may be used to provide optimum resistance to intergranular corrosion and to polythionic acid stress corrosion cracking.
321 stainless is readily welded by all common methods including submerged arc. Appropriate weld fillers are AWS ER347 bare wire and E347 covered electrodes. 321 stainless is similar in machinability to 304 stainless steel. It has a machinability rating of 45% relative to AISI B1112.
Common Trade Names
321, 321 Stainless, Alloy 321
Inventory
321 Plate, 321 Sheet, 321 Coil and 321 Bar
Specifications
UNS S32100, Werkstoff 1.4541, EN 1.4541
ASTM: A 240, A 479, A 276,
ASME: SA-240, SA-479
AMS: 5510, 5645
GE B50T1181, GE B50T12, GE B50T81, QQS 766d, QQS 763
Chemical Composition, %
| Cr | Ni | Mo | Cu | Ti | C | Mn | Si | P | S | N | Fe | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MIN | 17.0 | 9.0 | - | - | 5x(C+N) | - | - | 0.25 | - | - | - | - |
| MAX | 19.0 | 12.0 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.7 | 0.08 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.1 | Balance |
Features
- Oxidation resistant to 1600°F
- Stabilized against weld heat affected zone (HAZ) intergranular corrosion
- Resists polythionic acid stress corrosion cracking
Applications
- Aircraft piston engine manifolds
- Expansion joints
- Thermal oxidizers
- Refinery equipment
- High temperature chemical process equipment
Physical Properties
Density: 0.286 lb/inch3
Melting Point: 2550 - 2600°F
| Temperature, °F | 200 | 400 | 800 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 |
| Coefficient* of Thermal Expansion, in/in°F x 10-6 | 9.3 | 9.4 | 10.0 | 10.3 | 10.6 | 10.9 | 11.1 |
| Thermal Conductivity Btu • ft/ft2 • hr • °F |
8.8 | 9.7 | 11.4 | 12.1 | - | - | - |
| Modulus of Elasticity, Dynamic psi x 106 | 28.0 | 26.5 | 23.8 | 22.5 | 21.2 | 19.7 | - |
Electrical Resistivity
| Temperature, °F | 68 | 212 | 392 | 752 | 1112 | 1472 | 1652 |
| ohm circ mil/ft | 430 | 470 | 515 | 600 | 670 | 725 | 760 |
* 70°F to indicated temperature.
Mechanical Properties
Average Elevated Temperature Tensile Properties
| Temperature, °F | 68 | 400 | 600 | 800 | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 |
| Ultimate Tensile Strength, ksi | 84 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 59.5 | 45.5 | 27.5 |
| 0.2% Yield Strength, ksi | 38 | 20.5 | 18 | 17 | 16.5 | 16 | 14 |
Average Stress for Rupture
| Temperature, °F | 1050 | 1100 | 1150 | 1200 | 1250 | 1300 | 1350 | 1400 | 1450 | 1500 |
| 1,000 hours, ksi | - | 30 | - | 19 | - | 11.2 | - | 6.8 | - | 4.0 |
| 10,000 hours, ksi | 31 | 23.5 | 17.3 | 12.9 | 9.7 | 7.2 | 5.4 | 4.0 | 3.05 | 2.3 |
| 100,000 hours, ksi | 23 | 16.5 | 12 | 8.7 | 6.3 | 4.6 | 3.3 | 2.45 | 1.75 | 1.27 |
Average Stress for Secondary (minimum) Creep Rate
| Temperature, °F | 1050 | 1100 | 1150 | 1200 | 1250 | 1300 | 1350 | 1400 | 1450 | 1500 |
| 1% in 1,000 hours, ksi | 30 | 20 | 13.1 | 8.8 | 5.8 | 3.85 | 2.55 | 1.7 | 1.13 | 0.75 |
| 1% 100,000 hours, ksi | 13.6 | 9.2 | 5.9 | 3.9 | 2.55 | 1.7 | 1.1 | 0.74 | 0.48 | 0.32 |
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